Monika Helak napisała dla Magazynu Kontakt tekst pod tytułem „Kłamstwo uczelnianej merytokracji”. To wielostronna krytyka urynkowienia polskich uniwersytetów wraz z propozycją pewnego zaskakującego rozwiązania.
Z artykułem w wielu miejscach się zgadzam, niemniej jedną rzecz chciałbym tutaj dopowiedzieć. Chodzi o motywacje zwolenników i zwolenniczek quasi-rynkowych reform, a zarazem o klasowy wymiar naszej akademii.
Po różnych rozmowach wydaje mi się, że nowy system ze swoją obietnicą merytokracji był atrakcyjny zarówno dla osób dysponujących znacznymi zasobami (własne mieszkanie w dużym mieście, bardzo dobra znajomość angielskiego itd.), jak i dla tych, które takich zasobów nie miały. Ta druga grupa w zmienionych zasadach mogła widzieć szansę na rozbicie starych hierarchii i otwarcie nowych ścieżek kariery. Ścieżek, które wydawały się bardzo jasno wytyczone, w przeciwieństwie do gąszczu nieformalnych norm starej kultury akademickiej, mało przystępnej dla nowicjuszek i nowicjuszy.
Ta obietnica często była złudna, ale istnieją osoby, które rzeczywiście rozwinęły kariery naukowe dzięki punktom i grantom, nie mając przy tym wielu zasobów na starcie. Mam wrażenie, że było to jedno z ważnych źródeł poparcia quasi-rynkowych reform na polskich uczelniach.
Grupa ta nie jest bardzo liczna, lecz stanowi przykład takich osób pracujących na uniwersytecie, które na początku nie były uprzywilejowane pod względem klasowym. Ponadto pauperyzacja akademii (jak choćby kilkunastoprocentowy spadek realnego wynagrodzenia zasadniczego od 2018 roku) może sprawiać, że ludzie dobrze wykształceni oraz liczący na finansową i życiową stabilność są coraz mniej skłonni do podejmowania pracy naukowej. Zamiast tego mogą kierować się np. do korporacji, a zatem zostawiać na uczelniach więcej przestrzeni dla osób mniej zasobnych ekonomicznie bądź kulturowo. Te czynniki zdają się działać w przeciwną stronę niż siły elitaryzujące świat akademicki.
Pisząc to, mam zarazem świadomość mechanizmów, które odrzucają od uczelni ludzi gorzej usytuowanych klasowo. Część z tych prawidłowości opisuje Kamil Łuczaj w przeprowadzonym przeze mnie wywiadzie (przywoływanym zresztą w „Kłamstwie uczelnianej merytokracji”). W skrócie: im więcej konkurencji, tym większa rola zasobów początkowych, które pomogą znieść porażki po drodze i nie odpaść z wyścigu.
Niestety w polskiej akademii niewiele się mówi o klasach społecznych. Czy też o startowym zróżnicowaniu kapitału ekonomicznego, kulturowego i społecznego, dającym części kandydatów i kandydatek większe szanse na sukces naukowy. Niemniej w ostatnich latach widzę rosnące zainteresowanie tym problemem, a można też inspirować się badaniami zagranicznymi (takimi jak zeszłoroczny artykuł z pisma „Nature Human Behaviour”). Jest to jedna z rzeczy, które sam chętnie zacząłbym systematycznie badać…
…choć gdy to piszę, od razu pytam sam siebie: czy podejmując kolejny temat, nie popadnę w jeszcze głębsze przepracowanie? I to też jest sprawa istotna z perspektywy klasowej. Może być tak, że im więcej osób trafia do akademii wskutek awansu społecznego, tym cięższe stają się w niej warunki pracy (byłoby to z grubsza zgodne z przekazem niedawnego tekstu Olgi Wróbel w „Dwutygodniku”). Tego rodzaju biografia pogłębia bowiem pracoholizm, i tak już zaszczepiany w różnych grupach społecznych przez rzeczywistość późnego kapitalizmu. A im liczniejsi są pracoholicy i pracoholiczki, tym dłużej należy pracować, by wytrzymać konkurencję. O życiową równowagę trzeba świadomie walczyć i wcale nie musi to być walka udana.
Czy w innych zawodach jest lepiej? To zbyt ogólne pytanie, by na nie tutaj odpowiedzieć (choć i zbyt ważne, by go przynajmniej nie postawić). Na pewno jednak w samym świecie akademickim roi się od pracoholików, którzy pracują, aż nie skończy im się pracohol. To zaś oznacza, że nawet gdyby pod względem klasowym uniwersytet idealnie odzwierciedlał skład społeczeństwa, wcale nie musiałoby to jeszcze być rzeczą dobrą.
Potrzebujemy znacznie głębszych reform i teksty takie jak „Kłamstwo uczelnianej merytokracji” pomagają je sobie wyobrazić. A to może – choć nie musi – być początkiem realnych protestów, jak te z Kalifornii bądź Wielkiej Brytanii. I może sprawić, że akademia przyczyni się do szerszych zmian społecznych. Oby tak było.
PS. Dla porządku – jestem członkiem redakcji Magazynu Kontakt i znam się z Moniką osobiście.
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